Simulation Validation and Accuracy — 3D PyBullet
USE WITH CAUTION
One or more checks are not strong enough to call the model fully validated.
18 of 18 trials saved.
Key metrics
18.13%
16.95%
34.65%
1.44°
Condition-by-condition
| Condition | Trials | Physical mean | Simulation mean | Error | Simulation SD |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unsieved Quartz Sand | 3 / 3 | 29.75° | 32.08° | 7.82% | 1.60° |
| Quartz 125-250 um | 3 / 3 | 31.35° | 36.93° | 17.80% | 2.34° |
| Quartz 250-500 um | 3 / 3 | 29.68° | 34.74° | 17.07% | 1.07° |
| Quartz >500 um | 3 / 3 | 30.83° | 36.02° | 16.83% | 0.90° |
| Glass Beads - 1 Cup | 3 / 3 | 19.09° | 21.88° | 14.59% | 0.42° |
| Glass Beads - 2 Cups | 3 / 3 | 19.55° | 26.32° | 34.65% | 1.80° |
Interpretation
Internal quality includes repeatability, settling, and orthogonal-profile consistency. External validation compares completed simulation means with the known physical experiment. The physical values do not directly control individual research trial results.
Model limitation
This version uses true 3D rigid-body dynamics. Glass beads are smooth spherical rigid bodies. Quartz sand uses a rough-sphere DEM proxy with high sliding, rolling, and spinning resistance plus near-zero restitution so coarse particles dissipate impact energy like a granular bed rather than behaving like bouncing rocks. Passing this report validates the frozen model only for this specific test set, not for every granular material or apparatus.